PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.